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【資料圖】

第四章系動詞的用法

1. 最常用連系動詞：be(am; is/was; are/were)。

2. 表變化的系動詞：get; turn; go; fall; become; grow; come; run。用法注意：在英語中，系動詞一般只有一般現(xiàn)在 時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)變化形式，沒有其他時(shí)態(tài)變化形式。但表變化的這類系動詞除外，它們有各種時(shí)態(tài)變化。

E.g.: It is becoming colder and colder.

The food has gone bad.

此處還需注意的是become和turn后接表職業(yè)的名詞時(shí)冠詞的有無：

E.g.: Two years later, he became a teacher.

但Two years later, he turned teacher.

另外，go表變化時(shí)一般指事情向消極、不好的方面轉(zhuǎn)化。

3. 所謂“感官動詞”:look; sound; taste; smell; feel。一般它們在句子中譯成：。。。起來；。。。上去。此類系動詞為高考高頻詞。

E.g.: The food tasted good.食物嘗起來很香。

其中必須注意到它們本身也用作實(shí)義動詞，所以在平常的教學(xué)和應(yīng)用中一定多比較、關(guān)注它們的用法。

E.g.: He looked sadly at the picture. / She looked sad after hearing the news.

Tom tasted the food and it tasted good.

4. 表狀態(tài)的系動詞：keep; stay; remain;（依然是；保持）

E.g.: She remains loyal to her father despite his cruelty towards her.

What a lovely day today! I love fine weather and I hope it will stay fine for some more days.

Much remains to be done.

5. 表像系動詞：seem; appear。漢語意義：看起來像、似乎、好像。這兩個(gè)動詞有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)，即如果要表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)的變化，需要后接不定時(shí)來完成。

E.g.: He seemed to have caught cold./ When Father came in, Tom seemed to be eating something.

另外此處一句型轉(zhuǎn)換也要要求學(xué)生牢記

It seemed that he had caught cold.

When Father came in, it seemed that Tom was eating something.

6. 終止系動詞：prove; turn out。表達(dá)“證實(shí)、證明、結(jié)果為。。?！敝狻?

E.g.: He proved (to be) right. / The experiment turned out successful.

1． 一般地說，系動詞無進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，無被動語態(tài) 如：

Your hand feels cold.

The soup tastes good.

The dinner smells good.

2．系動詞的時(shí)態(tài)與形容詞的比較級連用的問題。

某些含有變化意義的動態(tài)系動詞如get, become, grow, turn等的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)可與形容詞的比較級連用，表示漸進(jìn)過程，其意思是“越來越……”。例如：

He is growing taller and taller.

Our life is getting better and better.

Things are getting worse.

3．所有半系動詞的被動語態(tài)要分情況討論。

英語中某動詞在作系動詞用時(shí)，無被動語態(tài)，而作實(shí)義動詞用時(shí)，才有被動語態(tài)，二者不可混為一談。例如：

不能說：The apple is tasted good.因?yàn)閠aste此時(shí)是系動詞，“嘗起來”之意，指的是蘋果的性質(zhì)，無被動語態(tài)）

但我們可以說：The apple is tasted by me.這蘋果被我嘗了一下。（taste此時(shí)指“嘗一嘗”這一動作，有被動語態(tài)）

因此，在平時(shí)的英語教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)之 ，要有意注意半系動詞在具體的語言環(huán)境中到底是系動詞用法還是實(shí)義動詞用法，要注意區(qū)分、識別。

4．瞬間動態(tài)系動詞能否與時(shí)間段連用的問題

英語中某些表示瞬間意義的系動詞不能與“for 時(shí)間段，since 時(shí)間點(diǎn)，how long until 時(shí)間,by 時(shí)間，so far”等直接連用。例如：

①不能說：He has become a teacher for 2 years.

應(yīng)改為：He has been a teacher for 2 years.

②不能說：He has turned writer since 3 years ago.

應(yīng)改為：He has been a write since 3 years ago.

或It is two years since he turned writer.

③不能說：He got angry until his child came back home.

應(yīng)改為：He didn’t get angry until his child came back home.

5．系動詞能接幾種表語（從句）

系動詞除了接adj.\n.\prep.短語,還可接以下幾種表語形式：

①能接as if/as though表語從句的系動詞有：look（看起來），smell（聞起來），sound（聽起來），feel（覺得）；appear（顯得），seem（似乎）。例如：

It looks as if we are going to have snow.看樣子天要下雪了。

He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.他看來好像剛從我的童話故事中走出來似的。

She seemed as if (though) she couldn’t understand why Laura was there.看來她好像不能理解為什么勞拉呆在那兒。

It sounds to me as though there’s a tap running somewhere.我好像聽到某處水龍頭流水的聲音。

She felt as if her head were splitting.她仿佛覺得她的頭要裂開了。

The river appeared as if enveloped in smog.那條河好像籠罩在煙霧之中。

It seems as if it were spring already.好像已是春天了。

②可用于“It 系動詞 that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)的有：seem, appear如：

It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work.好像他在工作中犯了嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。

It appeared that he was talking to himself.好像他在自言自語。

③能用不定式作表語的系動詞有：be, seem, , look, appear, prove, grow.

Her job is to look after the children.她的工作是照料孩子們。

He seems not to look after the children.他好像不是她的父親。

He looks to be a young girl of twenty.他看起來像是一個(gè)20歲的年輕姑娘。

He didn’t appear to dislike it.看不出他憎恨此事。

My advice proved to be wrong.我的建議證明是錯(cuò)誤的。

④能與there連用的系動詞有：be, appear, seem.

There appeared to be only one room.那兒好像只有一個(gè)房間。

There seems(to be)no need to go.似乎沒有必要走

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